MSA Live 21

Meet the Collaborator

Vanessa is an Architect who is part of the Purcell team working on the refurbishment of Grade I Listed Manchester Town Hall, where she is also responsible for several educational outreach programmes that add social value to the project, alongside work as a visiting tutor at Manchester School of Architecture.

Prior to her involvement with the Town Hall project, Vanessa worked on a variety of projects spanning across different sectors, specialising in large cultural schemes such as Battersea Power Station and Drapers’ Hall, and smaller scale residential/mixed use projects before relocating to Manchester to undertake her Masters degree, where her joint thesis project was nominated for the RIBA Silver Medal Award (2017).

Posted 1 Mar 2021 22:51

Social Values

As the core of our project is focused on the recycling of materials, our ambitions are to negate the long-term effects of waste, impacting our natural environment.

We look to alter the existing trends of the wasteful disposal from construction sites, often leading to nothing more than landfill. These materials then act as a pollutant to the built environment, and we no longer benefit from the embodied carbon of past construction. By eliminating construction waste, and researching and developing methods in how to sustainably re-use them, we can contribute to the circular economy and look after our planet.

We aim to promote the reuse of seemingly redundant material and foster a dialogue with the community, to encourage others to think beyond day to day recycling.

Posted 1 Mar 2021 23:59

Matthew Galan

Matthew previously studied at the School of Architecture in Leeds, he has worked in practices throughout England whilst moving cities, from Exeter, to Sheffield, to Leeds. He has joined the Manchester School of Architecture and is in the &rchitecture Atelier. Matthew is passionate about reclaiming, reusing, and recycling materials to continue his interest into sustainable design. His skills involve, Drawing, 3d Modelling, Visual Rendering.

Posted 2 Mar 2021 00:28

Ismael Zaman

Ismael previously studied at the University of Portsmouth before working in Buckinghamshire as part of his year out in practice. He is currently in Advanced Practice atelier in the Manchester School of Architecture masterplanning for the North Manchester General Hospital site. The idea of sustainability and creating architecture that not only benefits us now but also looks out for the future is what he tries to portray through his architectural language. In his free time, he also does some freelance photography!

Posted 2 Mar 2021 00:54

Jordan Bartlett

Hello! Welcome to our RE-USE project in collaboration with Purcell architects.

The past two years I have worked in a small practice in St. Ives, Cornwall... where flip flops in the winter is a thing! I have gained experience working with projects such as the renovation of a 52-room victorian hotel, as well as working with larger community driven regeneration schemes.

I have developed over the years, an appreciation for how data management can greatly enhance resilience of architectures. By understanding, and utilising information management, one can begin to predict and design systesms that offer the architect a new stream of design possibilities. It is of the up most importannce in these times to use the tools we have available to be able to design unrestricted, whilst ensuring the industry commits to increasing the sustainability of our growing built environment.

Away from from design, I enjoy reading, learning new languages and getting out and about traveling the world for art and culture. What's your favourite gallery?

Posted 2 Mar 2021 02:12

Enis Tan Ulman

Hey! I'm Enis! Previously I studied my Bachelor's in Özyeğin University, Istanbul, Turkey. After the graduation I worked as an architectural project manager for Nike Turkey HQ project. Currently I'm in the Advanced Practice atelier in MSA. Before I gained some experience on digital modelling, documenting, and surveying the historical built environment from the workshops for historical Kyrenia Castle in Cyprus and a for preserving a historical caravanserai in Istanbul.

I'm very interested in finding solutions by repurposing the existing architectural materials for sustainable architecture. In my free time I like to spend his time sailing, hiking and playing guitar. I'm looking forward to study on this project with you!

Görüşmek Üzere! (See you soon in Turkish)

Posted 2 Mar 2021 08:27

Hi, I’m Becca! I previously studied at the University of Portsmouth before working in London for two years in practice. I am currently in the USE atelier in the Manchester School of Architecture, and am really enjoying the creative style of work we are encouraged to do. I thoroughly enjoy designing through sketching and painting. When not studying I enjoy trying out new things to bake!

Posted 2 Mar 2021 09:24

Hey! I’m Jack! I previously studied at the Portsmouth School of Architecture before moving too London to gain two years of professional experience. I am now studying my masters at the Manchester School of Architecture, in the &rchitecture atelier. I am passionate about the role of heritage in the built environment with the inclusion of sustainable design, and enjoy sketching both in and outside of my work.

Posted 2 Mar 2021 09:26

Skills

Model Making.
Students will be testing and developing models choosing the materials found through research whilst also creating examples to show how designs can be tested through the process of model making.

Presentation.
The opportunity to practice presentation skills where students will engage with collaborative practitioners as well as external partners through online platforms such as Zoom.

Diagram.
Students will develop their skills of diagramming and being able to best present their research through a visual manner, contributing to a template output.

Research.
An essential skill that is needed within any architectural project! Research will be conducted to understand how the process of 'RE-USE' can be achieved through the Manchester Town Hall project.

Posted 2 Mar 2021 10:40

Welcome to MSA LIVE 2021 "RE-USE". Over the next two weeks, we will be exploring the repurposing of materials from the Manchester Town Hall Project in collaboration with Purcell Architects. We will be designing a model project as well as a re-use framework, which consists of a developed analytical guide to inform the re-usability of materials that may be found on any construction site, as well as making use of niche objects found within such specific conservation retrofit projects. Why don't you give us a follow and keep updated! Explore our journey of creating a better future through our built environment.

Posted 10 May 2021 20:03

Here is week ones schedule, it is aimed at using the MCR town hall as a provocation for how one may go about re-using the waste materials it has. Our first week will focus on research — inspiring the creation of a document (template) of which will contain a guideline for how one may design for re-use in any future development of an existing building. We are all looking forward to see how the rest of the week goes with the outcome of the document.

Posted 10 May 2021 21:01

Day 1
Our collaborator from Purcell Architects, Vanessa Torri gave us a small presentation on Microsoft Teams. She explained how the project started, what are the steps of the conservation project, and how the project is going on by the drawings and photographs. She answered all our questions and had a small chat with us afterwards.

Posted 10 May 2021 21:07

Join us as Tom Bloxham MBE, the chairman and founder of Urban Splash, the award-winning urban renewal property developer, presents at MSA.

Tom Bloxham will give an introduction about his work at Urban Splash and the upcoming Blueline project that encompasses a strategic opening and urban design of the River Irwell, aiming to reimagine Manchester City Centre.

An Introduction to Urban Splash – Tom Bloxham
Tuesday 11th May, 2021
10:00am London

Join Zoom Meeting
https://zoom.us/j/95171888723
Meeting ID: 951 7188 8723

We look forward to seeing you all there!

Posted 10 May 2021 22:38

DAY 2 - SCHEDULE
TUESDAY 11th MAY 2021

10:00 - URBAN SPLASH Lecture

11:45 - Defining & Exploring the Project Materials

14:00 - MArch Recycled Project Presentations

14:50 - Investing existing Sustainability Frameworks

Posted 11 May 2021 09:18

DAY 01:

For the first day, we set the task to introduce ourselves by letting an object that we own do most of the talking. Each student then entered into a fun conversation about all of the fun and interesting backgrounds that we all bring to the group.

Posted 11 May 2021 11:10

DAY 01:

The first day of the MSA LIVE event saw the MArch and the BA look into and research the possibilities for architecures that incorporate reused elements. Such examples include discarded pallets, plastic chairs and even ceramic tiles.

The aim of this task was to investigate possible areas for further exploration, to help answer the question as to how we can be more sustainable as future architects.

Posted 11 May 2021 11:10

Day 2
Matthew talked through his PS2 group project in Manchester which is a “Re-Use” of an abattoir both with the existing buildings, materials, and the purpose of the building.

Ismael talked through his PS1 group project based in London which is both creating a place for homeless people by “Re-Use”ing the materials from site and a retrofitting project in similar manner.

Jack talked through his PS1 group project based in Beirut which had a massive explosion last year. His project goes through ways of “Re-Use”ing the materials from the debris caused by the explosion and add sustainable materials for forming the new building.

All of these projects give light to an alternative means of thinking about building through adding value to an otherwise un used building. As we move deeper into the climate emergency, we must consider how architects can “Re-Duce” and “Re-Use” where possible.

Posted 11 May 2021 18:18

Day 2 - Research Questions:
Questions that could be asked in the ‘Re-Use’ Framework:

How easy is it to extract the materials?

Is it damaged?

Can they be fixed?

Can it be melted down and re-shaped?

Are they contaminated?

Can the elements be separated?

Can it be used for the same purpose previously?

Posted 11 May 2021 19:08

Another successful day working with team 28, all contributing to the project. We have formulated an 'output schedule' for the 2 weeks, first week prioritising on the framework document, whilst the second week focuses on applying the document to our own design projects.
Keep updated on the progress of this project.

Key
Week 1
1. Project Client
2. Site/ Project Location
3. Materials
4. Identify Materials
5. Further Analysis
6. How to Reuse materials
7. Understand a Framework
To apply
Week 2
8. Create a project using the framework
9. Further implementing how to apply framework to MCR Town Hall.
10. Creation of document for framework.
11. The publication will be presented to client (Purcell)
12. Blog will be updated daily will discoveries and interesting acknowledgement.
13. Connect with projects in the area to apply this to.

Posted 11 May 2021 20:35

Day 2:

Today, we researched and discussed the impacts that construction and building material waste has on the environment. We set ourselves some key questions to answer about existing material waste in construction to help reason as to why this area of research is needed and to help guide the project.

It became evident that waste from the construction and demolition of buildings is a large contributor to our landfills. This became a key area of concern, as architecture student we believe that we should be trying to not only produce sustainable designs but make the whole life-cycle of a building sustainable, from concept to construction and into its future or re-use.

Posted 11 May 2021 22:56

DAY 02:

We followed this up by researching specific materials and how they can be re-used, and the issues that occur when trying to re-incorporate them, such as; damage, contamination and redundancy. This will inform our continued research of the Manchester Town Hall conservation project, and the material waste that has been produced during its development.

Posted 11 May 2021 22:56

DID YOU KNOW?

400 million tonnes of material is used every year in the construction industry, with over 100 million being produced as wasted.

With the BA, we looked into the affects of material consumption within the UK. Although considered one of the leaders in the world for sustainable building, there is still a significant waste problem.

Posted 11 May 2021 23:33

DAY 3 - SCHEDULE
WEDNESDAY 12th MAY 2021

10:30 Lecture given by Liam Bentley who is Project Manager on the Our Town Hall refurbishment project

11:45 Exploring possibilities for the ‘Re-Use Frameworks’

12:15 Making Graphic Representations of the ‘Re-Use Framework’

Posted 12 May 2021 09:28

Day 3
Liam Bentley, the assistant design manager from the Manchester Town Hall project explained the process of how they are documenting the assets of the building. These includes from bricks to cast iron radiators. After the documentation they are also responsible for storing, restoring, and taking a decision on how to reuse the assets or if they can’t reuse, what to do with the assets.

Posted 12 May 2021 18:13

DAY 3,

After the morning presentation with Liam, we started to identify loose and fixed materials within the Manchester Town Hall. After specific materials were hinted and selected the BA and MArch spent time researching around them in regards to possible ways we can re-use, re-purpose, and re-cycle them.
This researching around the materials pointed at important questions for us all to attribute to the development of the framework, creating a standardised way of sorting the quality of sustainability the materials within the Town Hall have.

Posted 12 May 2021 23:37

DAY 4 - SCHEDULE
THURSDAY 13th MAY 2021

10:30 Developing and ordering ‘Re-Use Framework Flowchart’

14:00 Testing the ‘Re-Use Framework Flowchart’ with specific materials in the ‘Our Town Hall’ project

15:45 Diagraming ‘Re-Use Framework Flowchart’

Posted 13 May 2021 09:31

DAY FOUR:

The MArch introduced to the BA the concept of 'cradle to cradle' and the RIBA 'retro-fit for the future' schemes. Both of these ideas intend to provoke the questions of material waste and ultimate long terms sustainability of our built environment.

'Cradle to Cradle' the primary source for the BA seeks to illustrate the full life cycle of materials and products. It questions, how can items be disassemble, and how easily can they be re used. The concept introduces the sentiment that for all of the objects that we use, their materials should be seen as 'borrowed' rather than use. If you cannot return the materials back to the earth, is it really susstainable?

Posted 13 May 2021 11:15

DID YOU KNOW?

Material consumption alone in architecture accounts for appoximately 55% of total produced emissions in the UK, and contributes to 50% of the total C02 emissions globally.

Our built environment is demandind more of our planet. We are using materials at an accelerating rate, however, it is still often cheaper to scrap the old and buy in the new. where would we put all of our waste if this were to continue?

Posted 13 May 2021 13:20

Day 4,
Framework development, understanding how materials can be "RE-USED" from the MTH site. An initial exploration of moulding available from historic casting methods. The moulds could potentially be repurposed in various ways explored by a framework algorithm/ visualisation.

Posted 13 May 2021 13:26

DAY 4

After researching the sustainability of materials further, we started to question the reusability, recyclability, and repurposing of Metal. We started to formulate a flow diagram (framework) for identifying how sustainable metals are.
On the topic of finding alternatives to recycling metals, Harrison (a BA student within the group) mentioned how he had previous experience on using old Ductwork to create a Lifesize instillation model

Posted 13 May 2021 22:44

DAY 4

Another material we spent time analysing in regards to its sustainability was Tiles. We spent time questioning how to reuse, recycle, and repurpose this material, creating this framework to use when examining the process of other tiles.
This is a Flow diagram curated by Miruna.

Posted 13 May 2021 22:56

DAY 5 - SCHEDULE
FRIDAY 14th MAY 2021

10:30 Developing Graphic Representation of the ‘Re-Use Framework’ Flowchart

15:45 Presenting ‘Re-Use Framework’ Flowchart to Vanessa at Purcell Architects

Posted 14 May 2021 09:49

Day 5,

Manchester Town Hall (Grade 1 listed) was designed by Alfred Waterhouse in a free Gothic style and built between 1868 and 1877. It is internationally acknowledged as an exemplar of it typology. Designed to fit a triangular island site, with three main ranges enclosing a triangular courtyard. The courtyard at the centre of the building is mostly filled by a rectangular Great Hall which contains outstanding mural paintings of the city by Ford Madox Brown.

With the current conservation and restoration of the project, there were many historical finds, identified as assets and of Grade 1 historical significance. Within our presentation from Liam on Wednesday we were also notified that amongst some of the historical findings, there were animal skeletons and several champagne bottles. Cheers!!

Posted 14 May 2021 12:09

DID YOU KNOW?

Posted 14 May 2021 12:10

Alfred Waterhouse was the English architect of Manchester Town Hall.

Waterhouse was born in Liverpool and educated in Tottenham, London, before starting his architectural education under the architect, Richard Lane in Manchester. Turing this time Waterhouse took an interest in the writings of John Ruskin and Augustus Pugin, two figures who had greatly influenced the Gothic-Revival style of architecture, which Waterhouse later practiced.

Waterhouse won the competition to design the Manchester Town Hall, through his proposal using his signature watercolor painted perspective technique.

Posted 14 May 2021 15:47

Day 5
After a week of researching together we created frameworks for the process of reusing the assets from the construction site. These includes different types of wood ceramic tiles, bricks, carpets, plastics, glass, different types of metals, moulds and a general framework to be used for future assets.

Posted 15 May 2021 15:01

Here is week twos schedule, it is closely related to the previous week where we created a framework to analyse the sustainability of materials and identifying how we can reuse the elements extracted from the town hall.

This week we will use the framework to help us create temporary Pavilions outside the MCR town hall. This will be located on the Alberts Square. Using the research from last week we will apply this to the methodology of the Pavilion, where the identification of how the structure will be created, where the materials are taken from, and the cradle-to-cradle approach will be specified in the output.

We are all looking forward to seeing how the rest of the week goes with the outcome of the Project.

Posted 17 May 2021 20:24

DAY 6 - SCHEDULE
MONDAY 17th MAY 2021

10:00 Design Brief Introduction

10:30 Quick Fire Precedent Analysis

12:00 Design Groups Initial Design Ideas

2:00 Design Development

Posted 17 May 2021 20:27

This week we are leading a design project for the proposal of a temporary exhibition to be displayed at the grand opening of MTH in 2024! The "RE-USE" MSA LIVE group will take what they have learnt from their research week which identified the possible application of some of the materials found within the disposal of the historical conservation project and repurposing them through their created frameworks as part of a recycling initiative.

Posted 17 May 2021 20:31

IN SUMMARY:

We should be designing for demolition, and planning for a systematic sorting of materials during disassembly to make it easier to repurpose them.

Here we found that often the architectural design process is rewarded if the product is deemed sustainable at the point of completion. However, we see many buildings laden with tonnes of plastics and non re-usable materials. This should be factored into whether a building can be deemed sustainable in the full lifecycle of the building, and its materials.

Posted 17 May 2021 22:08

DAY SIX:

The second week sees the BA work toward implementing their material frameworks in designing a temporary pavilion for outside of the Town Hall, utilising Albert Square.

Both teams set out to brainstorm and gather precedent, with the help of the MArch, to create a brief, a material pallet, and a flow diagram for how their pavilions can be built, and how the materials are then re used thereafter.

Posted 17 May 2021 23:12

DAY 6

We have been identifying similar precedence for projects that have reused materials that are also temporary structures, this created the awareness for what type of Pavilions we were starting to design. Here we have 2 examples of group 28s work, where the precedence mentioned has been analysed working out how the cradle-to-cradle approach would work with its project.

The objective is to identify how it would become a break space in the Albert Square whilst reusing and repurposing materials from the MCR Town Hall.

Posted 17 May 2021 23:27

DAY 7 - SCHEDULE
TUESDAY 18th MAY 2021

10:30 Design Development with sketching, modelling and diagrams

12:00 Group Development Catch-Up

2:00 Graphically Presenting Re-Use Design

Posted 18 May 2021 10:20

DAY 7

Following on from day 6, we finished looking at similar precedence for projects that have reused materials that are also temporary structures. Here we have 2 examples of group 28s work, where the precedence mentioned has been elaborated on.

Posted 18 May 2021 10:53

DAY SEVEN:

The MArch students turned their attentions toward setting the basis for the MSA LIVE publication. The discussion revolved around what was the message that we wanted to send.

Check back later in the week to see how we got on!

Posted 18 May 2021 13:08

Waterhouse has many buildings located all around England predominantly building within the second half of the 19th century. His buildings were largely in the Victorian Gothic Revival style.

Some of his projects included The Natural History Museum, which showcases various exhibitions, including your favourite dinosaurs, volcanoes and mammals. Don't miss Andy's clock, the Wildlife Garden and the popular earthquake simulator.

Newsham Park Hospital opened its doors in 1954. The hospital developed its psychiatric department and received an influx of patients with severe mental problems. The hospital officially stopped taking new patients in 1988, and by 1992 all remaining patients and staff were relocated.

Alfred Waterhouse is also famously known for the creation of Manchester Town Hall and many many more...

Posted 18 May 2021 13:10

DAY 7

From the researching of relevant precedence in regards to the reusability of materials from the town hall, we now have started to work on the designing of the pavilions, braking off into 2 teams where we are closely working together.

Here is one of the concepts we have designed, reusing the materials from the town hall, and framing unique bespoke items within recycled steel box mesh frames. This narrative is to create a place to dine whilst celebrating the opening of the Town hall in 2024.

Posted 18 May 2021 17:47

From the research of relevant precedence in regards to the reusability of materials from the town hall, the design group has now started to work on their pavilions, breaking off into various teams and creating a cohesive narrative of coming together as explored within the initial concept of the recycling logo.

Below are some of the concepts they have designed, reusing the materials from the town hall site, creating quirky seating areas and interactive public spaces.

Posted 18 May 2021 20:07

Following on from the ‘Re-Use Framework’ established in Week One, the team are designing two temporary interactive spaces in Albert Square to promote recycling within the construction industry in Albert Square. They illustrate examples of how the framework can create a life for the unused materials once removed from Manchester Town Hall.

The spaces aim to:

- Reuse waste materials from the Manchester Town Hall Refurbishment

- Consider what happens to the materials after the project is dismantled

- Maximise the potential for the materials ‘Re-Use’ after the project

- Use the knowledge gained from Week 1, of different material uses and the ‘cradle to cradle’ process of materials

Posted 18 May 2021 23:14

DAY 8 - SCHEDULE
WEDNESDAY 19th MAY 2021

10:00 Design Presentation Planning

11:00 MArch Insights into Part 1 Year Outs

11:45 Craig Dick Presentation - Site Manager, with a background in Sustainability

Posted 19 May 2021 10:58

Craig Dick, the Environmental Sustainability Manager from the Manchester Town Hall project explained the process of sustainability case study of the project in relation with Circular Economy. The circular economy is based on three principles: Design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, regenerate natural systems. With these principles Craig and his team worked on the reclamation of different materials in the construction site.

Posted 19 May 2021 17:52

Due to many questions from the BA students about our MArch’s experience during their time in professional practice, we decided to alter our schedule to allow for some time to discuss and answer questions about this.

We covered our job hunting experiences, general roles and tasks in the office, the various programmes and skills we used, and some tips on future networking and socialising with your work colleagues.

Posted 20 May 2021 10:03

DAY 9 - SCHEDULE
THURSDAY 20th MAY 2021

10:30 Final Changes to Design and Graphic Illustrations

12:00 Final Presentations to other groups

2:00 Preparation for Final Coordinator Presentations on Friday

Posted 20 May 2021 10:31

DAY NINE:

The penultimate day saw both of the BA teams ready their final designs for thier temporary pavilions. Both teams chose to base their designs on materials reclaimed from the town hall.

Posted 20 May 2021 12:05

CONTEXT COLLAGING- 'MTH' BY ISMAEL

Following an infographic briefing from the MArch 1 students in week 1. Members of the group have further developed their collages of the Manchester Town Hall site, understanding some of the materiality that may be found on-site, as well as conducting local connections to the city.

Posted 20 May 2021 13:36

CONTEXT COLLAGING- 'MTH' BY BECCA

Following an infographic briefing from the MArch 1 students in week 1. Members of the group have further developed their collages of the Manchester Town Hall site, understanding some of the materiality that may be found on-site, as well as conducting local connections to the city.

Posted 20 May 2021 13:39

CONTEXT COLLAGING- 'MTH' BY MAATI

Following an infographic briefing from the MArch 1 students in week 1. Members of the group have further developed their collages of the Manchester Town Hall site, understanding some of the materiality that may be found on-site, as well as conducting local connections to the city.

Posted 20 May 2021 13:44

IN SUMMARY:

'Architects know this stuff, but those down the line will tend to resist it, we have a lot of work to do'

In essence, the findings are that architects need to equip themeself with the knowledge to persuade and enforce sustainability in their designs. Not just in the construction, but also in their inevitable deconstruction.

Posted 20 May 2021 14:26

DAY 10 - FINAL DAY SCHEDULE
FRIDAY 21th MAY 2021

10:30 Final Presentations to Vanessa, our Collaborator at Purcell

12:00 Concluding Thoughts and Questions

Posted 21 May 2021 10:32

We have completed our MSA LIVE 2021 event, and what a success it has been! With the much needed help from BA1/2, we have heard very positive feedback.

Posted 21 May 2021 12:36

DAY 10:

As we bring the two weeks to a close, we want to share three key points to remember when thinking about designing more sustainably, without resorting to tick box excersises or greenwashing.

1. Reuse - Seek to design with the end demoltion in mind. The building materials should be re-usable after the building no longer suits the future living requirements.

2. Reclaim - In any retrofit, seek to use any material you may find suitable before any demolition. Any usuable items of materials value can be used within the new project. Floor boards, bricks, roofing tiles to name a few.

3. Recycle - Often the most used, but ensure what can be recycled does infact get recycled. Limit the processes required in order to seperate materials. Plastics may be recyclable, but often never are.

Posted 21 May 2021 14:48

WEEK 1 FRAMEWORK

Within the first week, group 28 worked on creating a framework that would enable us to identify how to distribute the 'waste' from the TOWN HALL. We broke the framework down into identifying the sustainability of the materials found. Furthermore, we also attempted to find the most efficient alternative to reusing, recycling, and reclaiming the materials.

For this Framework Flowchart we were identifying the sustainability route of Wood.

Posted 21 May 2021 15:35

Posted 21 May 2021 15:36

Posted 21 May 2021 15:36

Final Presentations - Group 1

Group 1 developed three pavilions that focused on the theme of ‘Reuse, Reclaim, and Recycle’. It not only looked at the waste materials from the Manchester Town Hall, but also materials used in the construction process such as scaffolding and timber palettes. The project also considered the life cycle of the plants used in the project, which would be offered to the community once the project was dismantled.

Posted 21 May 2021 16:02

Final Presentations - Group 2

Group 2 developed six temporary dining pavilions to be used by the local restaurants and cafes surrounding Albert Square. The main structure of each pavilion consisted of gabions boxes filled with bricks and historical artefacts from the renovation of the Manchester Town Hall. This meant the bricks are modified or altered for the purpose of the pavilion and gave them the flexibility to be used for other projects in the future.

Posted 21 May 2021 16:02

To conclude, here we share a copy of our final publication submission to bring this event to a close. We that everyone who has worked toward this, and hope that all the insight gained will be carried forward.

Group 28.

Posted 21 May 2021 16:35